A

a-TE

alpha-tocopherol equivalent

ABS

Australian Bureau of Statistics

ACCIDD

Australian Centre for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders

Adverse effect

Any significant alteration in the structure or function of the human organism or any impairment of a physiologically important function that could lead to a health effect that is adverse

AI

Adequate intake

ALA

Alpha-linolenic acid

AMD

Age-related macular degeneration

AMDR

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range

ANZFA

Australia New Zealand Food Authority (now known as FSANZ)

ATBC

Alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention trial

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

ATPO

(S)-2-amino-3-[5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl] propionic acid

AUS

Australia

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B

Bioavailability

The accessibility of a nutrient to participate in metabolic and/or physiological processes including considerations of intestinal absorption

BMD

Bone mineral density

BMI

Body mass index; wt/ht2 (kg/m2)

BMR

Basal metabolic rate

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C

Ca (Calcium)

Calcium

CARET

Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial

CHD

Coronary heart disease

CHD

Coronary heart disease

CI

Confidence interval

CNS

Central nervous system

CoA

Coenzyme A

COMA

Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy

CSFII

Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals.

CSIRO

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

CSV

CSV (comma separated value) is a file format that stores tabular data for interchanging between computer systems. A CSV file has no formatting information. This allows it to be used as input to a wide variety of different programs but means it not suitable for printing

CV

Coefficient of variation

CVD

Cardiovascular disease

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D

DACH

D(Germany)- A (Austria) -CH (Switzerland)

DART

Diet and Reinfarction Trial

DASH

Dietary approaches to stop hypertension

DEER

Desirable estimated energy requirement

DFE

Dietary folate equivalents

DHA

22:6 docosahexaenoic fatty acid

DLW

Doubly-labelled water

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DPA

22:5 docosapentaenoic fatty acid

DRI

Dietary reference intakes

DSIR

Department of Scientific and Industrial Research

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E

EAR

Estimated average requirement

EC

European Commission

EER

Estimated energy requirement

EERM

Estimated energy requirement for maintenance

EGRAC

Erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient

EPA

20:5 eicosapentaenoic fatty acid

EU

European Union

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F

FAD

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

FAO

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations

Fe (Iron)

Iron

FMN

Flavin mononucleotide

FNB:IOM

Food and Nutrition Board: Institute of Medicine

FSANZ

Food Standards Australia New Zealand

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G

g (grams)

grams

GISSI

Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico

GPX

Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidases

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H

HDL

High density lipoprotein

HOPE

Heart outcomes prevention evaluation

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I

IF

Intrinsic factor

IHD

Ischaemic heart disease

IZiNCG

International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group

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K

Kashin-Beck

Human cartilage disease found in low selenium intake areas in Asia

kg (kilogram)

kilogram

kJ (kilojoule)

kilojoule

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L

LA

Linoleic acid

LC(n-3)

Long chain (n-3)

LDL

Low density lipoprotein

LINZ

Life in New Zealand

LOAEL

Lowest observed adverse effect level

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M

MCV

Mean cell volume

Mg (Magnesium)

Magnesium

mg (milligram)

milligram

Mg-ATP

Magnesium-adenosine triphosphate

MJ (Megajoule)

Megajoule

MMA

Methylmalonic acid

Mn (Manganese)

Manganese

Mo (Molybdenum)

Molybdenum

MOH

Ministry of Health

MRFIT

Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial

MTHF

Methylenetetrahydrofolate

MTHFR

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

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N

Na/K

Sodium/potassium

NAD

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADP

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NE

Niacin equivalents

ng (Nanograms)

Nanograms

NHANES

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

NHMRC

National Health and Medical Research Council

Ni (Nickel)

Nickel

NNS

National Nutrition Survey (of Australia or New Zealand as indicated in the text)

NOAEL

No observed adverse effect level

NP

Not possible to set (due to insufficient evidence or no clear level for adverse effects).

NRV

Nutrient Reference Values

NSP

Non-starch polysaccharide

NTD

Neural tube defect

NZ

New Zealand

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P

P (Phosphorus)

Phosphorus

PAL

Physical activity level

PEM

Protein energy malnutrition

Pi (Serum phosphorus)

Serum phosphorus (inorganic phosphate)

PIVKA

Proteins induced by vitamin K absence

PLP

Pyridoxal phosphate

PMP

Pyridoxamine phosphate

PN

Pyridoxine

PNP

Pyridoxine phosphate

PT

Prothrombin time

PTH

Parathyroid hormone

PUFA

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

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R

RDI

Recommended dietary intake

RE

Retinol equivalents

RNA

Ribonucleic acid

RR

Relative risk

RS

Resistant starch

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S

SD

Standard deviation

SDT

Suggested dietary target

SELECT

The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial

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T

T4

Thyroxine

TEE

Total energy expenditure

TFA

Trans fatty acid

THF

Tetrahydrofolate

TNF

Tumour necrosis factor

TrxR

Thioredoxin reductases

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U

UF

Uncertainty factor

UK

United Kingdom

UL

Upper level of intake

US

United States of America

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V

VLDL

Very low density lipoprotein

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W

WHO

World Health Organization of the United Nations

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Z

Zn (Zinc)

Zinc

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Μ

µg (microgram)

microgram

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